SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Extract</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Extract</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

</p>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about chemical extracts. For the 2009 film, see <a href="Extract_(film)" title="Extract (film)">Extract (film)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="Extraction_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Extraction (disambiguation)">Extraction (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<p>An <b>extract</b> (essence) is a substance made by <a href="Extraction_(chemistry)" title="Extraction (chemistry)">extracting</a> a part of a <a href="Raw_material" title="Raw material">raw material</a>, often by using a <a href="Solvent" title="Solvent">solvent</a> such as <a href="Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>, <a href="Cooking_oil" title="Cooking oil">oil</a> or <a href="Water" title="Water">water</a>. Extracts may be sold as <a href="Tincture" title="Tincture">tinctures</a> or <a href="Absolute_(perfumery)" title="Absolute (perfumery)">absolutes</a> or dried and powdered.

</p><p>The <a href="Aroma_compound" title="Aroma compound">aromatic principles</a> of many spices, nuts, herbs, fruits, etc., and some flowers, are marketed as extracts, among the best known of true extracts being <a href="Almond" title="Almond">almond</a>, <a href="Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a>, <a href="Cloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloves">cloves</a>, <a href="Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>, <a href="Lemon" title="Lemon">lemon</a>, <a href="Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">nutmeg</a>, <a href="Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">orange</a>, <a href="Peppermint" title="Peppermint">peppermint</a>, <a href="Pistachio" title="Pistachio">pistachio</a>, <a href="Rose" title="Rose">rose</a>, <a href="Spearmint" title="Spearmint">spearmint</a>, <a href="Vanilla" title="Vanilla">vanilla</a>, <a href="Violet_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Violet (plant)">violet</a>, <a href="Rum" title="Rum">rum</a>, and <a href="Wintergreen" title="Wintergreen">wintergreen</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extraction_techniques">Extraction techniques</h2></div>

<p>Most natural essences are obtained by extracting the <a href="Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">essential oil</a> from the <a href="Feedstock" class="mw-redirect" title="Feedstock">feedstock</a>, such as <a href="Blossom" title="Blossom">blossoms</a>, <a href="Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a>, and <a href="Root" title="Root">roots</a>, or from intact plants through multiple techniques and methods:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Ram_press_(food)" title="Ram press (food)">Expression</a> (<a href="Juicing" title="Juicing">juicing</a>, <a href="Fruit_press" title="Fruit press">pressing</a>) involves physical extraction material from feedstock, used when the oil is plentiful and easily obtained from materials such as <a href="Citrus_peel" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus peel">citrus peels</a>, <a href="Olive" title="Olive">olives</a>, and <a href="Pressing_(wine)" title="Pressing (wine)">grapes</a>.</li>

<li><a href="Absorption_(chemistry)" title="Absorption (chemistry)">Absorption</a> (<a href="Steeping" title="Steeping">steeping</a>, <a href="Decoction" title="Decoction">decoction</a>). Extraction is done by soaking material in a <a href="Solvent" title="Solvent">solvent</a>, as used for <a href="Vanilla_bean" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanilla bean">vanilla beans</a> or tea leaves.</li>

<li><a href="Maceration_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maceration (food)">Maceration</a>, as used to soften and degrade material without heat, normally using oils, such as for <a href="Peppermint" title="Peppermint">peppermint</a> extract and <a href="Maceration_(wine)" title="Maceration (wine)">wine making</a>.</li>

<li><a href="Distillation" title="Distillation">Distillation</a> or <a href="Separation_process" title="Separation process">separation process</a>, creating a higher concentration of the extract by heating material to a specific boiling point, then collecting this and condensing the extract, leaving the unwanted material behind, as used for <a href="Lavender" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender">lavender</a> extract.<sup id="cite_ref-zhang_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhang-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<p>The distinctive flavors of nearly all fruits are desirable adjuncts to many food preparations, but only a few are practical sources of sufficiently concentrated flavor extract, such as from lemons, oranges, and vanilla beans.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artificial_extracts">Artificial extracts</h2></div>

<p>The majority of concentrated fruit flavors, such as banana, cherry, peach, pineapple, raspberry, and strawberry, are produced by combining a variety of <a href="Ester" title="Ester">esters</a> with special oils. Suitable coloring is generally obtained by the use of <a href="Dye" title="Dye">dyes</a>. Among the esters most generally employed are <a href="Ethyl_acetate" title="Ethyl acetate">ethyl acetate</a> and <a href="Ethyl_butyrate" title="Ethyl butyrate">ethyl butyrate</a>. The chief factors in the production of artificial banana, pineapple, and strawberry extract are <a href="Amyl_acetate" title="Amyl acetate">amyl acetate</a> and <a href="Amyl_butyrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Amyl butyrate">amyl butyrate</a>.

</p><p>Artificial extracts generally do not possess the delicacy of natural fruit flavor but usually taste sufficiently similar to be useful when true essences are unobtainable or too expensive.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Extraction_(chemistry)" title="Extraction (chemistry)">Extraction (chemistry)</a></li>

<li><a href="Vanilla_extract" title="Vanilla extract">Vanilla extract</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFZhangLinYe2018" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Qing-Wen; Lin, Li-Gen; Ye, Wen-Cai (2018-04-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5905184">"Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: a comprehensive review"</a>. <i>Chinese Medicine</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 20. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13020-018-0177-x">10.1186/s13020-018-0177-x</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1749-8546">1749-8546</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5905184">5905184</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29692864">29692864</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-12-24" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Extract&oldid=1264926791">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>